Colorado Wildlife Federation Colorado State University and Colorado Parks & Wildlife have published a study that examined mule deer response to energy development on winter range in the Piceance Basin in northwest Colorado. They report that “Energy development drove considerable alternations to deer habitat selection patterns, with the most substantial impacts manifested as avoidance of well pads with active drilling to a distance of at least 800 m. … In aggregate, these reposnses equate to alteration of behavior by human development in over 50% of the critical winter range in our study area during the day and over 25% at night.”
Here is the link to the study: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.13037/full